SENTENCES

CHAPTER-1

Description of Sentence

1. A sentence is a group of words giving a complete sense. (যে শব্দ সমষ্টি একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তাকে Sentence বা বাক্য বলা হয়।) 

In the following examples the groups of words in left are not sentences, because they do not make a complete sense; but those on the right are, because they make complete sense. (নিচের উদাহরণগুলোতে বাঁ-দিকের শব্দ সমষ্টিসমূহ বাক্য নয়, কারণ সেগুলো পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করে না; কিন্তু ডানদিকের গুলো বাক্য, কারণ তারা পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।)

Did it.                        I did it.

            Can do.                     Omar can do it.

        Is.                              Is Karim ill?

                    A good boy.              A good boy said this.

Classification of Sentence

2. Sentences may be divided into five classes, each of which may be further subdivided into two. (sentence- কে পাঁচ শ্রেণিতে ভাগ করা যায়, আবার প্রত্যেকটি শ্রেণিকে দুইভাবে ভাগ করা যায়।) যেমনঃ 

Affirmative (হ্যাঁ- বাচক, i.e. affirming something) and Negative (না-বাচক, i.e. denying something): 

(a) Assertive (নিশ্চয়তা সূচক বা দৃঢ়তাসূচক) sentences make a simple statement:- I know him. I do not know him. 

(b) Interrogative (প্রশ্নবোধক) sentences ask questions:- Why is he there? Why is he not there? 

(c) Imperative (আদেশ সূচক) sentences express a command or a request:- Come here. Do not come here.  

(d) Optative (ইচ্ছাসূচক) sentences express a wish:- Long live Bangladesh. May he live long. May he not suffer. 

(e) Exclamatory (আবেগসূচক) sentences express a sudden feeling or emotion:- How nice! Alas! he is no more.

Note: Some make a different division. They classify sentences as (কেউ কেউ sentence-কে নিম্নরূপেও ভাগ করে) যেমনঃ 

(i) Statements. which simply affirm or deny something (as (a) prepage). 

(ii) Questions, which ask questions (as (b) prepage). 

(iii) Desires, which contain some desire, order, or request:- May he live long. May he not suffer. Go (or, do not go) there. Please do (or, do not do) it.

(iv) Exclamations, which express a sudden feeling or emotion (as (e) prepage).

Exercise 1

1.     Say who of the following groups of words are sentence and which are not:

The first prize, I shall do it. My father. I have a dog. How are you? Come       home. Is ill. Long ago. Come. He may go.

2.     Say what kind of a sentence each of the following is:

Allah is great. Bangladesh is a nice country. Will he go? Come home? How foolish! God save him. He did not see me. I asked him the question. Is he ill? Try again. Why are you so sad? What a pity! May you succeed?